Essay on “Participation of Forensic Psychologists in Disciplinary Boards”

Essay on â€Å"Participation of Forensic Psychologists in Disciplinary Boards† Introduction One of the elemental human rights allowed to every citizen is his or her privacy. Privacy reveals the civil liberties of an individual’s power on how much of his feelings, thoughts, and other private or delicate information can be revealed to others (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). Codes of ethics are created to guard the public and offer direction to professionals in servicing their customers. The basic purpose of professional psychological organizations is to educate professionals on appropriate ethical conduct (Winchester, 2010)). Thereby, practitioners who appreciate the values may experience extended consciousness, value-clarification, and trouble-solving capabilities. These ethical standards also promote accountability, thereby, therapists ought to uphold ethical conduct and encourage their colleagues as well. The privileges accorded to the psychologist-client relationship constitute the conviction that discussions between the client and counseling officer have to be shielded in an adversarial justice system, in case justice is to be provided (O’Donohue, Levensky Levensky, 2004). In situations where psychologists have been granted privileged discussions in court, they were obligated to preserve the client’s confidence, except where the client had made a mental status or did not insist on the right to privilege. Privacy and its limits are clearly defined in ethical codes for psychologists both in court rulings and statuses. Hence, revelation of a client’s private information or communication may subject the therapist to professional reprimand and civil or criminal liability (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). In correctional facilities, correctional psychologist’s main objective is to aid in the lawbreaker’s rehabilitation and reintegration (Winchester, 2010). The counselor also enhances inmate and staff safety by encouraging a healthy institutional environment. Despite becoming a popular discipline for psychology, correction of offenders has been puzzled with ethical dilemmas and conflicts. The key roles of correctional psychologist such as treatment issues, confidentiality, consent, and disciplinary roles have been marred by consistent ethical issues (Elissa, 1998)). This paper will broadly outline the ethical and legal features of confidentiality for psychologists in correctional facilities. Discussion Psychotherapists have ethical and legal responsibilities toward their clients, agency, profession, community and families of their clients (Winchester, 2010). Therefore, clients have rights to ensure they are accorded sufficient information so that they make informed decisions about entering and continuing the therapist-client relationship (Winchester, 2010). Ethical issues may arise given the disputes within these responsibilities. The main goal of psychologists in correctional facilities is to provide rehabilitation for law breakers and focus in application of psychological services to inmates, inmate management, and evaluation of the prison population (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). Traditionally, certain criminals were considered for exclusion for some criminal punishment as other offenders due to various mental circumstances. At first, this practice was meant to separate the psychologically ill prisoners from normal prisoners. The Federal government initiated the use of psychiatrists and psychologists with prison institutions to focus on the treatment of inmates for behavioral change (Winchester, 2010). In the late 20th century, the focus for this approach lessened as correctional therapists put more emphasis on the security of the community and institution. The potential dual association of correctional psychologists is one of the key concerns linked with combined institutional control and treatment (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). The ethical principles of psychologists in the American Psychological Association code of conduct advice that forensic psychologists ought to avoid contribution in any action that has potentially conflicting roles (Winchester, 2010). The directives for correctional therapists within the bureau of prisons seem to create an environment that can sometimes gravelly weaken the therapeutic objectives and relationship formed between the psychologists and the inmates due to exposure to difficulties of the dual role con flicts. After the psychologists are hired, they are placed in rehabilitation programs where they learn essential correctional perceptions, such as firearms training, inmate review, and inmate search procedures. The psychologists should also assume the role as an evaluator and therapist for parole and release of the incarcerated client (Winchester, 2010). The significance of this relationship is the successful change of indecent behaviors so that reintegration is achieved in society. Despite possessing the combined role of a client’s evaluator and therapist, the psychologist’s perception by the client should not affect his readiness to provide adequate treatment. This is because the client might be tempted to provide the details needed for an effective intervention. Moreover, it is probable that the imprisoned client would wish to misrepresent herself or himself for the reason of being evaluated beneficially. To avoid such situations, defensive mechanisms have been rais ed to prevent them from releasing vital information needed for an accurate evaluation and effective treatment. The source of informed consent’s doctrine can be drawn to the individual rights to be liberated from intimidation and unwarranted interference. This is according to the principle which requires that every inmate of sound mind be given the power to determine what to done with his body. Mental health professionals are obligated by their ethics codes to enlighten clients of benefits, risks, and options to the proposed treatment (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). Informed consent includes the inmate’s right to be educated of their therapy and make unbiased decisions regarding the treatment process (Elissa, 1998). The possible consent concerns that are relevant and prone to correctional psychologists practice that may therefore, demand their absence in disciplinary committees is the possibility of leading an inmate into consenting while in questioning boards. This is because, in some forensic institutions, an inmate may not be deemed fit to give consent. This situation may lead to a forced consent into treatment. It is a fair supposition that an incarcerated client may dread the way his or her failure to consent to treatment will be inferred. This is the reason that many clients in correctional facilities are in the course of appealing their certainty or anticipating for conditional release. They may feel that failure to cooperate with procedures of treatment may lead them to further punishment and blow off the opportunities for release. In their obligation to assess dangerousness, many therapists will feel that they possess the capacity to make convincing assessments through education, proper training and experience. Naturally, clients long for an accurate evaluation but he may feel that this candid evaluation will not help them, but rather spoil their chances of release (Elissa, 1998). With this reasoning, they may be enticed to lie to the evaluator thereby calling for a secret evaluation in the absence of the psychologists. However, these secr et evaluations are only ethically embarked on during urgent situations which are restricted to circumstances with risks of prison escape or internal disorder. Therefore, the call by professional psychologists, which keenly dictate for the need of informed consents among prisoners seems unrealistic thus, should be conducted in their absence. Psychologist’s prohibition in disciplinary committees is encouraged since prison disciplinary boards are solely accountable for instilling actions that result to inmate’s loss of freedom, transfers to advanced security facilities, and solitary confinement. Psychiatrists have barred themselves from disciplinary committees through their statement of principles not to do any harm. Since they have the court status of persons qualified as experts, the psychiatrists have the obligation to uphold the knowledge of professional, scientific, and legal developments within the extent of their claimed competence. Therefore, these expectations direct them to apply that knowledge within accepted scientific and clinical standards, in selecting procedures and methods of collecting information for treatment, evaluation, consultation or investigation. The exclusion in disciplinary boards therefore gives them the opportunity to document and prepare themselves to make available all the info rmation that form the foundation for their services or evidence, subject to a court order or regulations of evidence. The set to be practiced in such documentation or recording expects that the quality and detail of such certification will be subject to sensible judicial scrutiny; such a standard is the normative set for general disciplinary practice (O’Donohue, Levensky Levensky, 2004). In a situation where forensic psychologists carry out an examination or involve themselves in treatment of a client to a legal schedule, with foreknowledge that their skilled services will be applied in adjudicative forums, they acquire distinctive responsibility to present the best documentation under the circumstances that; (a) Their obligations and duties with respect to certification of data forming the basis for their proof apply from the instant they know or possess reasonable basis for appreciating that their evidence and data resulting from it are likely to engage into legal-related decisions (Adler, 2004); (b) When providing forensic services, they take on a particular concern to shun undue influence upon their procedures, methods, and products that might come from the legal proceeding by monetary compensation or other gains (Adler, 2004). Therefore by being absent, as an expert of evaluation, the psychologist preserves his professional integrity by probing the issue at hand from the available perspectives, keenly searching for information which will differentially check plausible rival assumptions (O’Donohue, Levensky Levensky, 2004)); (c) They do not provide qualified forensic services to defendants of legal proceedings prior to individual’s representation by a counsel, except for people judicially resolute to handle their representation. Despite most of the forms of data they use are considered hearsay, psychologists attempt to substantiate vital data, which form the foundation for their professional product (Elissa, 1998). In situations where they apply rumored data, therapists have a positive responsibility to appreciate the unconfirmed status of that information and the motives for relying on such data. Conclusion We have observed that application of art of psychology in correctional facilities has been marred by ethical conflicts and dilemmas. Having noted the controversies surrounding the role of forensic psychologists, treatment issues, disciplinary and confidentiality tasks, guidelines have been formulated for the practice with the aim of providing a method of monitoring professional behavior in a rehabilitation facility. However, these standards have dealt accordingly with the ethical issues raised, but rather they have resulted to other contradictory principles. The main reason for the exclusion of forensic psychologists in disciplinary boards is for the rationale that correctional facilities fall under correctional administration and not mental programs (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). Even if mental health professionals come across mental issues among inmates, it is up to the correctional administration to give them the authority to engage in such a matter. Some of the rules an d regulations of psychology practice contradict the art therefore, making it difficult to establish what is acceptable or unacceptable of the practice. Challenges observed in the field can be eliminated by incorporating and considering the conflicting guidelines (Adler, 2004). We have observed that application of art of psychology in correctional facilities has been marred by ethical conflicts and dilemmas. Having noted the controversies surrounding the role of forensic psychologists, treatment issues, disciplinary and confidentiality tasks, guidelines have been formulated for the practice with the aim of providing a method of monitoring professional behavior in a rehabilitation facility. However, these standards have dealt accordingly with the ethical issues raised, but rather they have resulted to other contradictory principles. The main reason for the exclusion of forensic psychologists in disciplinary boards is for the rationale that correctional facilities fall under correctional administration and not mental programs (Munthe, Radovic Anckarsà ¤ter, 2010). Even if mental health professionals come across mental issues among inmates, it is up to the correctional administration to give them the authority to engage in such a matter. Some of the rules and regulations of psychology practice contradict the art therefore, making it difficult to establish what is acceptable or unacceptable of the practice. Challenges observed in the field can be eliminated by incorporating and considering the conflicting guidelines (Adler, 2004). Reference Adler, J. R. (2004). Forensic psychology: Concepts, debates and practice. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing. Elissa B. P. (Nov 1998). Research ethics: A psychological approach. The American Journal of Psychiatry 155. 11: 1624-1625 Munthe, C., Radovic, S. Anckarsà ¤ter, H. (2010). Ethical issues in forensic psychiatry research on mentally disordered offenders. Bioethics, 24.1, 35-44. O’Donohue, W. T., Levensky, E., Levensky, E. R. (2004). Handbook of forensic psychology: resource for mental health and legal professionals. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. Winchester D. J. (June 2010). APA ethics code commentary and case illustrations. Choice 47. 10: 2018

The Effects Of Mass Media On Society - 1335 Words

Mass media has inched its way into almost every facet of our daily lives. No one feels this intrusion more so than women. The market is geared towards them as the biggest consumer in our society. As a woman I am aware of this fact, but not only am I a woman, I am a woman who works in the advertising business. I have a unique perspective on both sides of the spectrum. How does all this focus effect us? How does this attention effect the way we perceive ourselves? Is it harmful? Can it be helpful? These are the question I am going to answer the best I can today. The written word goes back over three thousand years ago and advertising on a basic level followed, but it wasn’t until 1877 when Thomas Edison invented the phonograph did it come into our homes. This â€Å"marked the beginning of the first new mass medium since print.† (Hoynes, 2014) From phonograph records to LP’s and later on the cinematography mass media was growing and reaching new heights. With the he lp of these inventions the radio became an important and useful tool in advertising and communication. Information could be delivered in minutes and instead of having to sell newspapers and magazines one could tune into their favorite radio program and get all the information about the happenings of the world right in their own living room. â€Å"On November 2, 1920, station KDKA made the nation s first commercial broadcast (a term coined by Conrad himself). They chose that date because it was election day, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society861 Words   |  4 PagesWhere do we get our information in society? How do we know what is true information from false information? Mass media, including T.V, Radio stations, newspaper has taken over the minds of people in society. According to Glen Smith and Kathleen Searles, Most assumption are being based off of what they see and hear on the television, social networks and on the radio because its mainly one side stories or one bashing of individuals. People do not take the time to go in-depth about the situation beingRead MoreMass Media And Its Effects On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen ideas and mass media in which we have access to, there is small changes in which The United States as a whole has been affected. There have been many discussions on how social media has played a part on American culture as we are becoming more reliant on computers and technology as well as we have in communicating. Social media and mass media has an affect modern society as technology has grown, so will its effects on people. Mass media and social media are, one social media is where anyoneRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On The Society1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthe causes of aggressive behavior, crime, and violence in the society. The potential of the mass media for social mobilization, education, and attitude change has been recognized and has been exploited in different parts of the world with varying degrees of success. But the effect that the mass media will produce at given situation still remains a subject of debate even today. Summing up what is known about the effect of the mass media, Berelson (1948:172) in Mcquail (2000:457)submitted â€Å"that someRead MoreThe Mass Media And Its Effects On Society1582 Words   |  7 Pagessecret of the overwhelming influence the mass media has over society. It has a great power and reaches large audiences. By presenting certain sorts of messages and facts skillfully, the media can manipulate people’s attitude and opinions without them even knowing. Business’ use of this constant exposure to their advantage and often invest and rely on commercials as a means to sell their products. Because so many different people rely on the mass media, the companies need a platform that is universalRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"spike your best friend’s eggnog when they’re not looking† perpetuates the rape culture which plagues much of society. Advertisements ultimately are designed to target and entice buyers by playing into the status quo (GW p. 412). However, mass media has been very effective in directly calling out advertisements such as Bloomingdale’s. It is comforting to know that the widespread use of mass media is useful in this way. This advertisement clearly perpetuates rape culture, especially the use of drugs suchRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society1165 Words   |  5 PagesMass Media are organizations in our society. The medium industries provide information and entertainment, but mass media also can affect political, social, and cultural institutions. Mediums such as radio, newspapers, and television all reflect and affect American society. However, the main one that I am going to discuss is Radio. Radio is more effective in mass media as compared to the other mediums. The way radio was back then is way different from what it is in society today, it has changed overRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society852 Words   |  4 PagesPeo ple are being depression and reflecting action in real life due to effective of mass media. Media has a power that can everyone has the same right and opportunity to access the information and enjoy their life. Teenagers are the most effective group of people because they can access and explode new technologies, creatives, curious, and proactive. Therefore, they are putting themselves in danger by performing challenge pictures or extreme dangerous things to be famous. People always attractiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Our Society1471 Words   |  6 Pagesalert system activates an urgent bulletin to galvanize the community for assistance and safety. Today, mass media has undergone a significant change in terms of how they reach out to the public. During the early 19th century, the dominant form of media was the printing press through newspapers, magazines, and books. Eventually, the late 19th century throughout the 20th century, broadcast media provided easier access for entertainment, political issues, and current events gathering families aroundRead MoreEssay on Effects of Mass Media on Society1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn contemporary society, people are strongly influenced by mass media. Although traditional television watching and newspaper reading are no longer as popular as before, people spend more time in front of computers listening to music and radios, reading news and information, interacting with other people in social network and watching television programmes and films. The developing technology of mobile phone allows people to do almost everything they can do with the computer. Nowaday, people areRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media And Communication On The Society1674 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Message Introduction Behavioral sciences play a central role in figuring out the likely effect of mass media and communication in the society. Different theories and approaches are used to figure this out. This study refers to the Uses and Gratifications, and Cultivation theories to consider the effect of the media article below on individuals. The uses and gratification theory argues that consumers of a given media uses this media to satisfy and fulfill specific desires and needs. On the

Explain why Germany and her allies were defeated in WWI and assess their treatment in the 1918/1919 settlement Free Essays

There were many factors that played a part in Germany’s defeat in World War One, and none of them can be singularly attributed to its loss. Despite this, some factors did play a more important part than others. Some of the major factors were America’s entry into the war, low morale in Germany, and Germany’s Ludendorrf Offensive. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain why Germany and her allies were defeated in WWI and assess their treatment in the 1918/1919 settlement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The American entry into the war was a major factor contributing to Germany’s defeat. When the Americans declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, they provided a huge injection of funds, soldiers and productive capacity to the Allies’ war effort. The millions of American soldiers that were sent overseas in 1917 and 1918 were fit, young, and most importantly, fresh with relatively high morale compared to the other Allied soldiers. World War One was a war of attrition. The side that could wear down the enemy side first would be victorious. The contribution of the American soldiers, funds and resources to the Allied side allowed them to survive for longer than the Central Powers. Therefore, the entry of America into World War One was a major factor causing Germany’s defeat. The Ludendorrf Offensive, which was launched on March 21, 1918, was a series of three offensives undertaken by the Germans to try to force an Allied surrender after the Russian withdrew from the war. With the Eastern front free, the Germans concentrated all their resources on the Western front to try to break the stalemate there. At first the Ludendorrf Offensive was successful, but the German troops advanced so fast that their supply lines could not keep up. This allowed the Allied forces to surround and defeat the stranded German troops. The Ludendorrf Offensive was a gamble by Germany. It required an input of high levels of resources, and as it was not successful, these resources were ultimately wasted. As World War One was a war of attrition, the Ludendorrf Offensive accelerated, if not caused, Germany’s defeat. By 1917 and 1918, morale amongst the German people was very low. They had begun to lose faith in the war. An outbreak of Spanish Influenza in Europe had hit Germany, and had created unrest amongst the population. Shortages of consumer essentials spread widely throughout Germany. The Germany public began to resent the war, calling for â€Å"peace at any cost†. The production of munitions fell, and the weapons supply to the German soldiers fell to levels much lower than the Allies’. The low morale amongst the civilians and soldiers worsened the German position. Therefore, low morale amongst the troops and civilians on the German side was a major factor leading to Germany’s defeat in World War One. There is no obvious single factor for Germany’s defeat in World War One, but among the main reasons were the American’s entry into the war, the Ludendorrf Offensive, and the low morale among soldiers and civilians at the home front. The Treaty of Versailles was the culmination of the 1918/1919 peace settlement process that was imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1919. The treaty imposed a number of harsh conditions on Germany. As a result of the treaty, Germany had to reduce its army to 100 000 men, and give up its air force altogether. Germany had to give away thirteen percent of its land, and hand over control of its overseas colonies. Germany was forced to pay over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6, 600, 000, 000 in war repatriations. Also, and significantly, the Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany accept full responsibility for starting the First World War. To assess Germany’s treatment in the 1918/1919 settlement, it is useful to examine the motives behind the key negotiators, Germany’s aims, and Germany’s guilt The British public were very angry and were out for revenge. â€Å"Hang the Kaiser† and â€Å"Make Germany Pay† were both very common calls in the time just after the war and the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George could not afford politically to be easy on Germany. This shows that Britain’s intentions when contributing to the Treaty of Versailles would have been to harshly punish Germany The then president of France, Georges Clemenceau, was determined to see that Germany was punished so harshly that it would never be able to start a war again, as he believed they had done. As was the case with the British, there was also widespread public anger towards Germany. The American President, Woodrow Wilson, was the third major participant in the treaty negotiations. He too wanted to punish Germany, but also had an interest in a stable Europe, which would depend on a stable Germany. Given the attitudes of the Allies who met in Paris for the peace negotiations, Germany’s treatment in the Treaty of Versailles would definitely have been harsh, as all three entered the negotiations with a view to punishing Germany. When judged by its previous actions, it can be argues that Germany was not justified to expect a settlement any more favourable than what they received. They had already proven that in victory they could be as harsh as the Allies with the treaty they presented Russia upon their withdrawal from the war, the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. In this treaty, the Germans demanded that Russia hand over large areas of its territory and pay substantial repatriations. Given the harsh treatment the Germans imposed on Russia after its defeat, the treatment of Germany in the Treaty of Versailles can be justified. There is an argument that if Germany had won, they would have imposed penalties as harsh or harsher on the Allies. This supports the argument that the Treaty of Versailles was not too harsh on Germany. But perhaps the best way to determine whether or not the Treaty of Versailles was really harsh on Germany is to see the effect on Germany of the treaty, and the length of time it took for Germany to recover. How to cite Explain why Germany and her allies were defeated in WWI and assess their treatment in the 1918/1919 settlement, Papers

Another Huckleberry Finn Essay Example For Students

Another Huckleberry Finn Essay Superstition inHuck Finn In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnby Mark Twain, there is a lot of superstition. Someexamples of superstition in the novel are Huck killing aspider which is bad luck, the hair-ball used to tell fortunes,and the rattle-snake skin Huck touches that brings Huck andJim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important rolein the novel Huck Finn. In Chapter one Huck sees a spidercrawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went intothe flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it wasalready shriveled up. Huck didnt need anyone to tell himthat it was an bad sign and would give him bad luck. Huckgot scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracksthree times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread tokeep the witches away. You do that when youve lost ahorseshoe that youve found, instead of nailing it up over thedoor, but I hadnt ever heard anybody say it was any way tokeep of bad luck when youd killed a spider.(Twain 5). Inchapter four Huck sees Paps footprints in the snow. SoHuck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets ahair-ball that is the size of a fist that he took from an oxsstomach. Jim asks the hair-ball; Why is Pap here? But thehair-ball wont answer. Jim says it needs money, so Huckgives Jim a counterfeit quarter. Jim puts the quarter underthe hair-ball. The hair-ball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huckthat it says. Yoole father doan know yit what hes a-gwyneto do. Sometimes he spec hell go way, en den agin he spechell stay. De bes way is tores easy en let de ole man takehis own way. Deys two angles hoverin roun bout him. Oneuvem is white en shiny, en tother one is black. De white onegits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in engust it all up. A body cant tell yit which one gwyne to fetchhim at de las. But you is all right. You gwyne to haveconsidable trouble in yo life, en considable joy. Sometimesyou gwyne to git hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git sick;but every t ime yous gwyne to git well agin. Deys two galsflyin bout yo in yo life. One uv ems light en tother one isdark. One is rich en tother is po. Yous gwyne to marry depo one fust en de rich one by en by. You wants to keepway fum de water as much as you kin, en dont run no resk,kase its down in de bills dat yous gwyne to git hung.(Twain 19). Huck goes home and goes up to his room thatnight and Pap is there. In Chapter ten, Huck and Jim run intogood luck and bad luck. The good luck was Huck and Jimfinds eight dollars in the pocket of an overcoat. After dinneron Friday, they are lying in the grass, then Huck ran out oftobacco, so he went to the craven to get some, and finds arattlesnake. Huck kills it and curled it up and put it on thefoot of Jims blanket. Night came and Jim flung himself onthe blanket and the snakes mate was there, and it bit Jim onthe heel. Jim tells Huck to chop off the snakes head, thenskin the body of the snake and roast a peice of it. He tookthe rattles off and tied t hem to Jim wrist. Jim said it wouldhelp him. Huck says I made up my mind I wouldnt evertake a-holt of a snake-skin again with my hands, now that Isee what had come of it. (Twain 52). As one can seeSuperstition plays an important role in the novel Huck Finn. .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .postImageUrl , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:hover , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:visited , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:active { border:0!important; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:active , .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62 .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c485215402a1823dc3ebe0eb15fcd62:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aristotle Essay Huck killing the spider which is bad luck, the hair-ball thattells fortunes, and the rattle-snake skin that Huck touchedare examples that brought bad luck to Huck and Jim in thenovel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 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The Most Influential Musician from 1870

In the course of history, music has been one of the major methods that people have employed to communicate, entertain and inform. Music has evolved over the decades thus taking different forms and styles throughout history.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Most Influential Musician from 1870-1950 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to answer the question, ‘which musician had much influence to the society between 1870 and 1950?’ The methodology of answering this question will be based on the influence that the musician had on the society as well as the number of his works that gained positive attributes from the public. The information will be sourced from both books and articles that provide credible information about the musician. It is important to mention that the paper also puts into consideration the fact that there are different genres in music and that the prowess of a mu sician can be defined best within the context of the genre he/she chose. As aforementioned, music has been in existence for as many years as man since it occupies a very crucial part in any society as far as education, communication and entertainment are concerned. For one to succeed in a career in music, he/she requires the support of the community. Without such support, one’s efforts in the career may be all in vain. To attract the attention of a given audience, one has to be skillful, knowledgeable and tactful in his/her performance. Within the period in question, certain artists worked hard to win the society’s attention thus remained influential not only within the period in question but also in the contemporary society through their productions. This paper focuses on such musicians namely Heinrich Albert, Harry Lauder and Hank Williams. Heinrich Albert was a German musician born in Warzburg at the beginning of the period in question, 1870 (Miner 3). His interest in music began at a tender age since in his teenage years he had already learnt how to play three important musical instruments. They included the piano, horn and violin.Advertising Looking for assessment on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the time he attained twenty-four years of age, he had already participated in international events as an orchestral musician in Russia, Sweden and Switzerland. During one of the international music events, he developed an interest in playing the guitar and he did not take much time before he joined guitar classes. Due to his efforts and commitment to his career in music, at the age of 25, he was appointed as the chamber music guitarist in Munich. Five years later, he rose to the rank of the guitarist of the royal theatre in his country. He also won the ‘Court Chamber Virtuoso’ in 1909. Up to the late 1940s, Albert remained active in his career. Due to his prof essionalism, the leader of the Munich guitar quartet incorporated him in the team to enhance its credibility (Miner 6). With the help of the other members of the ensemble, Albert further continued to impact masses with his musical prowess. He not only inspired other members of the quartet but he also taught them the skills they needed in playing the guitar (Jeffery 26; Phillip 50). Additionally, he initiated the use of four different guitars during performances, which later came to be termed as the ‘Munich Model’. Under the leadership of Albert, the quartet did their first public concert towards the end of March 1909. The concert was held in Mailander Mandolin club, one of the famous clubs in Munich during that time. He also participated in a concert that was organized by the artistic society in Nuremberg. During this concert, the quartet presented one of Albert’s own composition entitled Manuett. Additionally, he also did a solo performance of a piece he had com posed earlier in the year, Hungarian Fantasie (Phillip 46). Following the concert, the Munich guitarist quartet as well as Albert received positive responses from their audience that were documented in the Journal Die Gittarrefreurd, which was a famous journal of the time. Through his influence on the Munich guitar quartet, many people in Austria and Germany developed interest in the ‘Munich Model’ an aspect that led to the development of more ensembles. He also trained other artists such as Markus Shwerdhofer and Heinrich Schener who continued to uphold the quartet spirit. The twentieth century renaissance of the guitar owes its existence to the works of Albert. Through his experience in music, he came up with the Fernando sor’s sonata, which involves the transformation of a solo guitar to a quartet guitar.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Most Influential Musician from 1870-1950 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More In reference to Albert’s work, Jeffery says that, â€Å"†¦an uncompromising work, developing its ideas to the full and concentrating on musical values rather than on what the guitar can do† (37). Among his works was a detailed guitar playing method and a collection of nearly seventy etudes in six volumes (Jeffery 29). Research has shown that most of the contemporary quartets apply the concepts developed by Heinrich Albert in his career in music. Harry Launder is one of the greatest musicians and a performer in the Scottish and British realm. The entertainer was born in 1870 in Portobello Edinburgh to a John Launder a designer in China artifacts and Isabella a descendant from the black isle. Harry Launder started his early career by working at the coalmines at the tender age of thirteen years and realized his potential in singing at the time. He started performing his music shortly after getting married to Anna Vallance in 1891 (Gordon 20). Launders first professional performance took place at a local Lark hall where he used to make about five shillings each night. He later moved to perform at the â€Å"go-as-you please†, which was a more prestigious event in the town and made him prominent among the local community. Fame and fortune for Harry Launder came around 1905 when he successfully led a troop of pantomimes known as the Howard and Wyndham. This catapulted Launder to become one of the greatest performers in England and these lead to various contracts and music deals. Launder was estimated to earn  £1000 a night for his performances in the United States by the year 1911. In the following year, Launder topped the charts in Britain becoming the first British in the history of entertainment (Graeme 25). Some of the greatest hits by Harry Launder include â€Å"Roamin in the Gloamin†, â€Å"I love a Lassie†, â€Å"Keep right unto the end of the road† and â€Å"A wee Deoch-an-Dorisâ € . These songs made Launder the highest paid performer of his time with an estimated amount of  £12,700 for each performance (Williams 138; Lauder 14). During his forty-year music career, Launder had made twenty-two visits to the United States and a couple of other trips to Australia with his own train. Other accolades to his title include being knighted after the world war one for raising  £1million for the troops to be rehabilitated and inculcated to the society.Advertising Looking for assessment on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Harry Launder had rendered to the Scottish race and entire British Empire an immeasurable service through his music and philanthropy. Harry Launder died in 1950 at the age of 79 years leaving behind a legacy of songs, books and films that he had written or stirred in (William 70). The other musician to make history in the music industry was Hank Williams. He was born in 1923 with his birth name being Hiram King William (Brackett 32). Hiram would later change his name to Hank, which sounded well according to him in country songs. In 1937, Hank would start his career in a radio station WSFA with the producer offering him a program of 15 minutes as the host with a salary of $15. This was after Hank had won a talent show at the Empire theatre pocketing the grand price of $15. With the rising popularity Hank would go on to form a band with the money he got from the radio show that he called â€Å"the drifting cowboys†, and this ev entually led him to quit school. Hank would record songs like â€Å"Never again† and â€Å"Honky Tonkin† which did not do better. It was only after releasing the song â€Å"Move it on over†, that fame and fortune started to stream in. In 1948, he signed a recording contract with MGM records. The following year, Hank went on to release â€Å"Love sick blues†, which propelled his music to the mainstream media thus increasing his popularity as a singer. According to Helander (9), Hank was estimated to make $1000 at this point in his career for every performance he went. It is important to mention that, Hank had eleven number one songs in the American chart since 1948-1953 making him the most successful American musician of his time and the most popular America singer only for his record to be broken by the likes of Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson in years after (Flippo 16) Other hits by Hank that have gone down in history of music include â€Å"Youâ€℠¢re cheating heart†, â€Å"Hey, Good looking† and â€Å"I’m so lonesome I could cry†. Even though by this time Hank had become a star, he nevertheless had issues that cut off his career and life. Excessive consumption of alcohol and morphine and other painkillers saw him being divorced by his wife and being kicked out of the band. Hank died in 1953 at the tender age of 29 years (Graeme 38). Hanks songs and composition have been used by other musicians in different fields such as pop, blues, gospel and even rock that have become instant hits (Wallace 84) In conclusion, the three artists discussed in this essay were influential in their own disciplines. Although they lived many years ago, their impact is still evident in the contemporary music industry. They laid the foundations of the genres that they were involved in and even trained other artists who have ensured the continuity of their works. Although their achieved fame during the period in question, th e fame has not faded in the society since they are still historical icons in music. Works Cited Brackett, David. Interpreting Popular Music. New York: University of California Press, 2000. Print. Flippo, Chet. Your cheating’ heart: a biography of Hank Williams. London: Plexus, 1997. Print. Gordon, Irving. Great Scot! The life story of Sir Harry Lauder, legendary laird of the music hall. London: Plexus, 1968. Print. Graeme, Smith. The Theatre Royal: Entertaining a Nation. Saddle River: Cengage, 2008. Print. Helander, Brock. The rockin’ ’50s: the people who made the music. New York: Schirmer Books, 2010. Print. Jeffery, Brian. Fernando Sor: Composer and Guitarist. London: Tecla Editions, 1977. Print. Lauder, Harry. The Ancestry of Sir Harry Lauder, in the Scottish Genealogist, Edinburgh: Sage, 2006. Print. Miner, Gregg. Heinich Albert and the World’s Fist Harp Guitar Quartet. Harp Guitar Player of the Month. July 2004.Web. http://www.harpguitars.net/players /month-player,7-04.htm. Phillip, Bone. The Guitar and Mandoline: Biographies of Cerebrated Players and Composers. London: Tecla Editions, 1914. Print. Wallace, Lewes. Harry Lauder in the Limelight. London: OUP, 1988. Print. Williams, Lycrecia, and Vinicur, Dale. Still in Love with You: Hank and Audrey Williams. London: Thomas Nelson Incorporated, 1991. Print. This assessment on The Most Influential Musician from 1870-1950 was written and submitted by user Nylah Burris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

University of Hartford Admissions and Acceptance Rate

University of Hartford Admissions and Acceptance Rate The University of Hartford is largely accessible, accepting 72  percent of the applicants. Learn more about what it takes to be accepted. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. University of Hartford Description Chartered in 1957, the University of Hartford is a private university located in West Hartford, Connecticut. Students come from 48 states and 62 countries. Undergraduates can choose from over 100 programs from the universitys seven colleges. Communication Studies and Medical Radiologic Technology are the most popular. The University of Hartford values personal attention, something they support with a healthy 12 to 1 student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 22 students. On the athletic front, the Hartford Hawks compete in the NCAA Division I America East Conference. The university fields 9 mens and 9 womens intercollegiate sports. Admissions Data (2016) University of Hartford Acceptance Rate: 72  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Hartford AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 460 / 580SAT Math: 460 / 580What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Connecticut collegesAmerica East Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 20  / 26Compare ACT scores for Connecticut collegesAmerica East Conference ACT score comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 6,714  (5,150 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 49 percent male / 51 percent female88% Full-time Costs (2016 -17) Tuition and Fees: $37,790Books: $972  (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,986Other Expenses: $2,382Total Cost: $53,130 University of Hartford Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 98  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 98 percentLoans: 75  percentAverage Amount of Aid​Grants: $21,219Loans: $9,960 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, Finance, General Studies, Graphic Design, Mechanical Engineering, Music, Psychology, Radiologic Technology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 75 percentTransfer-out Rate: 34 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 48  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 60 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Baseball, Basketball, Lacrosse, Golf, Track and Field, Cross Country, Tennis, SoccerWomens Sports:  Softball, Volleyball, Tennis, Track and Field, Basketball, Golf, Soccer If You Like the University of Hartford, You May Also Like These Schools: Drexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphQuinnipiac University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of New Haven: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStony Brook University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSouthern Connecticut State University: Profile  University of Connecticut: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAdelphi University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Hartford Mission Statement: mission statement from http://new.hartford.edu/aboutuofh/mission.aspx As a private university with a public purpose, we engage students in acquiring the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to thrive in, and contribute to, a pluralistic, complex world. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Establishing National Identity on a Nation-State Essay

Establishing National Identity on a Nation-State - Essay Example Benedict Anderson defined a nation as an "imagined political community". He explicitly used the term "imagined" because he says that people of a certain nation, no matter how small it is, will not have the ability to know a considerable fraction of their fellow nationals, will not have the opportunity to meet them all, nor to even hear about them. But though this is the reality, they have similar ideas and images in relation to descent; therefore in their minds and imagination, they are one as a community (Anderson). The definition of a nation as an imagined community is relevant in the creation and preservation of every modern state. It is through their imaginations that people can cultivate fraternity towards those of the same race and nationality and consequently, they will all join forces to uphold their nationalistic ideas, even though they do not get fully acquainted with each other. Heroism and the willingness of somebody to die for his nation is one good example that imagination plays a pertinent role in this concept of a nation, national identity, and nationalism (Anderson). To illustrate the concepts further, take the case of the country Korea, which is situated in Eastern Asia. Korea is now subdivided into two countries, North Korea and South Korea. Both the North Korean and the South Korean people have the same physical characteristics and the same language. But they do not have the same national-identity simply because they do not fall under the same nation-state sovereignty. Their respective governments are independent of each other, and are actually in full contrast. North Korea is a communist country, while South Korea holds on to their democracy. Most of the time, national identity boils down to the individual person, and his nationalistic sense toward his country (Yi). The people of Korea have the ability to migrate to another neighboring country or to for example, the U.S. If this happens, they leave their nation-state to join another. Although they now belong to a different nation-state, their national identity remains intact, and that is being a Korean by birth and ancestry (Yi) In the ancient ages of dynasty and kingship, the Korean national identity is relatively nil. History shows that Korea is so grossly involved with its surrounding nations that it has never really established its own national identity right there. Korea before, is constantly in the danger of being overshadowed by a bigger and a more powerful nation like China and Mongolia, who consequently, have similar physical features to them and belongs to the same Asian territory (Yi) Korea's national identity was developed through its own ancient tradition and culture. Iryon, a dominant figure of ancient Korea, went ahead and compiled myths, chronicles, and ideas that are directly related to Korea and its heritage, and called it the Samguk Yusa (Yi). Iryon's main purpose is to establish and develop Korea's innate nationalistic idealisms so as to resist stress and pressure coming from their neighboring nations that could probably result to colonization. Although Samguk Sagi was in a way, influenced by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, it did succeed in awakening Korea's threatened national

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an Essay

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an entrepreneurs goals - Essay Example In the current era it can be seen it is mostly the motive of growth that is followed. However, such long-term visions or motives cannot be shared at lower level of the organization. Therefore, long-terms objectives are divided into small achievable tasks and goals in order to bring in a sense of achievement. Thus, in order to keep the employees motivated rewards are offered at the completion of the goals assigned, both at an individual and team level (Joanne, et al., 2013). Reward systems hold a strategic importance for an organization. Human resource being an important contributor in the operations and success of the organization often requires some risks to be taken in order to grow, especially entrepreneurs that try to excel with limited resources. Thus strategic management of all these factors risks, rewards and motives is very important for the success and growth of an organization. Contribution of risks in achievement of goals Every project, action or the decision that the mana gement would take definitely has associated intrinsic and extrinsic risks. With growing business competition and globalization of economies the risks are increasing, not only the larger organizations but also for SMEs and entrepreneurs. It is often said â€Å"high risk high return, low risk low return†. Thus, in order to increase profits and operations of a business, entrepreneurs take risks. The important thing is how these risks are managed. Risk management today has become a critical part of the strategic management of an organization. It allows the identification of the risks and events that can hamper the proceedings of the project, as per planning. It even doesn’t allow its successful completion (John, et al., 2005). Identification of risks allows, in advance, to take precautionary measures. Hence, it gives the control to management to exploit the situation. This further gives an advantage to the organization. It is the strength of the strategic management that c an make the risk to be the critical contributing sector in success of the organization; rather than a diminishing factor that would curtail the progress of the organization. Example of a multinational organization such as Walmart can be taken. Walmart used expansion as the growth strategy. They expanded into new markets facing new and extended risks. Pre-identification and analysis of such risks allowed them to exploit the events in their resources, as risk management had given them the opportunity to make better decisions and allowed them optimum use of their resources. Rewards and Motivation Reward and recognition system holds a critical importance in the human resource management of the organization. Employees or personnel are a major factor that decide the output, productivity and growth of the organization. They are the ones who would be converting the ideas and decisions of the management into actions. Management often splits their long-term objectives into short-terms goals a nd assigns tasks to each employee, individually or as a team. However these are the organizational goals that the employees are working for and they might be different than that of personal goals of an employee. It is the responsibility of the management to align the organizational goals with the employee. Hence, they should work for the benefits of both. It can be said that money is a motivational factor. As per Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it satisfies the basic needs of an individual. However besides rewards, recognition is

Fermentation Kinetics of Different Sugars Essay

Fermentation Kinetics of Different Sugars - Essay Example The findings achieved through the experiment showed an increased rate of fermentation in tubes with glucose and sucrose as the substrate while lactose showed a massively decreased rate of fermentation. The addition of sodium fluoride also caused a decreased rate of fermentation. Analysis of the complete data suggested that the carbohydrates used by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation play a great role in the final rate of fermentation. Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation, carbohydrates, magnesium Fermentation Cells and tissues irrespective of belonging to animal or plant have a minimum requirement of energy. Different processes such as synthesis of molecules, transportation, DNA replication and cell repairs have varying requirements of energy. To successfully complete these processes cells undertake many metabolic processes to achieve their supply of energy. Glucose being the most important carbohydrate and the end product of almost all food sources is the beginnin g point of these metabolic processes. Energy conversion starts from the process of glycolysis. As explained by Agrimi et al., (2011) glycolysis begins with the entry of a single glucose molecule and terminates with the production of two pyruvate molecules. The process immediately yields four ATP molecules. However, with the consumption of two ATP molecules at two different steps in the cycle, the net production via substrate level phosphorylation turns out to be two. Although the process itself is not affected by the presence or absence of oxygen, the final production of the ATPs is hugely affected under hypoxic conditions as only 2 ATP molecules per glucose are produced instead of 36 ATP molecules per every glucose molecule. Depending on the availability of oxygen the pyruvates produced at the end of glycolysis are either shuttled into either cellular respiration / Krebs cycle or they are used in the process of fermentation. Fermentation has been derived from a Latin word ‘fe ver’ meaning to ferment.

Study On Cyber Crime And Cyber Laws Information Technology Essay

Study On Cyber Crime And Cyber Laws Information Technology Essay Cybercrime  computer crime, electronic crime, information crime, virtual crime is a term used broadly to describe criminal activity in which computers or computer networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more categories. Although the term cybercrime is more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, the term is also popularly used to include traditional crimes in which computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity, or where a computer or network contains stored evidence of a traditional crime.As there is a rapid growth of computer and network systems in recent years, there has also been a corresponding increase in cyber-crime. Cyber-crime takes many forms and has garnered much attention in the media, making information security a more urgent and important priority. In order to fight cyber-crime, criminal evidence must be gathered from these computer-based systems. This is quite different from the collection of conventional criminal evidence and can confuse investigators attempting to deal with the forensics of cyber-crime, highlighting the importance of computer forensics. DIGITAL OR COMPUTER EVIDENCE: Evidence that is stored on or transmitted by computers,can play a major role in a wide range of crimes, including homicide, rape, abduction, child abuse, solicitation of minors, child pornography, stalking, harassment, fraud, theft, drug trafficking, computer intrusions, espionage, and terrorism. Though an increasing number of criminals are using computers and computer networks, few investigators are well-versed in the evidentiary, technical, and legal issues related to digital evidence. As a result, digital evidence is often overlooked, collected incorrectly, and analyzed ineffectively. The aim of this hands on resource is to educate students and professionals in the law enforcement, forensic science, computer security, and legal communities about digital evidence and computer crime. This work explains how computers and networks function, how they can be involved in crimes, and how they can be used as a source of evidence. As well as gaining a practical understanding of how computer s and networks function and how they can be used as evidence of a crime, readers will learn about relevant legal issues and will be introduced to deductive criminal profiling, a systematic approach to focusing an investigation and understanding criminal motivations. Computer forensic consultants, law enforcement, computer security professionals (INFOSEC), government agencies (IRS, FBI, CIA, Dept. of Justice), fraud examiners, system administrators, lawyers. DIGITAL OR COMPUTER EVIDENCE ANALYSIS: Digital Evidence Analysis involves the collection, investigation and analysis of digital evidence. This digital evidence may be  found in  computer hard disks, cell phones, ipods, pen drives, digital cameras, CDs, DVDs, floppies, computer networks, the Internet etc. Digital evidence can be  hidden in  pictures (steganography), encrypted files, password protected files, deleted files. Steganography  is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of  security through obscurity atted hard disks, deleted emails, chat transcripts etc. Digital evidence can  relate to  online banking frauds, online share trading fraud, source code theft, credit card fraud, tax evasion, virus attacks, cyber sabotage, phishing attacks, email hijacking, denial of service, hacking, divorce cases, murder cases, organized crime, terrorist operations, defamation, pornography, extortion, smuggling etc. Computer forensics   still a rather new discipline in computer security is a rapidly growing discipline and an even faster growing business. It focuses on finding digital evidence after a computer security incident has occured. The goal of  computer forensics  is to do a structured investigation and find out exactly what happened on a digital system, and who was responsible for it. There are essentially three phases for recovering evidence from a computer system or storage medium. Those phases are: (1) acquire, (2) analyze, and (3) report. Often, the results of a forensic investigation are used in criminal proceedings. Computer criminals always leave tracks, its just a matter of finding these tracks. But this part is not always easy. The evolution in computer technology goes on, computers and other communication systems become very complicated and better connected through all kinds of networks. At the same time,  computer crime  techniques become more sophisticated and better coordinated. Computer forensics evidence has been used as evidence in  criminal law  since the mid 1980s.  In court it is subject to the usual requirements for digital evidence, requiring information to be authentic, reliably obtained and admissible. In addition various countries have specific guidelines and practices for the recovery of computer forensic evidence. If  evidence collection  is done correctly, it is much more useful in apprehending the attacker, and stands a much greater chance of being admissible in the event of a prosecution. Computers allow criminals to remain relatively anonymous and to invade the privacy and confidentiality of individuals and companies in ways not possible prior to the advent of the computer age. Evidence of these crimes is neither physical nor human, but, if it exists, is little more than electronic impulses and programming codes. This evidence can take the form of data digitally stored as text files, graphics files, sounds, motion pictures, data-bases, temporary files, erased files, and ambient computer data dumped on the storage device by the  operating system  or application program. If someone opened a digital storage device, they would see no letters, numbers, or pictures on it. Therefore, understanding how a computer stores data is basic to understanding how sensitive that data is to inadvertent contamination and how important a  chain of custody  becomes when testifying to the originality of the evidence. CHARACTERISTICS: Performs forensic analysis of digital information using standard computer forensics and evidence handling techniques. Uses forensically sound procedures to identify network computer intrusion evidence and identifies perpetrators. Employs forensic tools and techniques to identify and examine malicious files. Employs forensic tools and techniques to crack file and system passwords. Detects steganography and recovers deleted fragmented and corrupted data from digital media of all types. Documents procedures and findings in a manner suitable for  courtroom presentation  and prepares comprehensive written notes and reports. The computer age dramatically has changed how people relate to each other, but not their basic human nature. A minority of individuals who believe there exists a  shortcut  to riches, or who invade the privacy or innocence of others, continue to carry out their criminal agendas. However, now they more likely use a computer or other digital device to store information about their actions or to commit their crimes.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte :: Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte Essays

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte In chapter nine, we are introduced to the issues surrounding different ideas of love through Catherine's dilemma. The author uses a variety of imagery and ideas to separate superficial love from true love. We are shown that her love for Edgar, a gentleman residing in the estate of Thrushcross Grange, is indeed superficial. Catherine tells Nelly that she has just accepted Edgar's proposal, yet she does not seem satisfied with her choice: "I accepted him, Nelly; be quick, and say whether I was wrong!" Say whether I should have done so - do!" This immediately implies that she is not confident of her own judgement - she seeks assurance and comfort that her choice was the correct one by pleading to Nelly, her servant. This is extremely odd, as the majority of people would not commit themselves to lifetime relationships without being sure that it is the right choice to do so. We are shown that the reason behind her doubt is that her "love" for Edgar is plainly superficial. Nelly also understands this, and asks Catherine, bluntly, if she loves him. She replies firmly: "Who can help it? Of course I do." I believe that her manner in responding to this question completely contradicts the words which that she actually speaks. She replies in a very 'matter-of-fact' tone, which suggests that her reasoning behind her love should be visible and obvious to all. She suggests that no woman could resist him, which, combined with the previous point, implies that he is desirable due to his outward appearance and status - he is "marriage material". Hence, Catherine has shown us that her love for Edgar is the same love that any woman would feel for him, which is not true love; it is merely attraction. She furthers this by declaring that she does not want to be a "beggar", which she believes would be the outcome of marrying Heathcliff. I also believe that Catherine is trying to convince herself of her love for Edgar. This was shown earlier by her asking Nelly for reassurance, but it is shown further when Nelly asks her why she loves Edgar: "I love the ground under his feet, and the air over his head, and everything he touches, and every word he says - I love all his looks, and all his actions, and him entirely, and altogether. There now!" This response also puzzled me - it has been worded in a very impersonal fashion. She uses dry, unlovable vocabulary in her description, such as "ground", "feet" and "air". It is a list of clichà ©s, and instead of giving the intended outcome of proving her